What does the term 'audience' refer to in writing?

The term 'audience' in writing specifically refers to the intended readers of a text. This concept is crucial because understanding the audience allows the writer to tailor their message, tone, and style to meet the interests and needs of those readers. When a writer is aware of their audience, they can select appropriate vocabulary, structure their arguments effectively, and choose examples that resonate with the targeted group. This engagement with the audience enhances the likelihood that the text will achieve its purpose, whether to inform, persuade, entertain, or otherwise connect with the readers.

In contrast, the other options focus on different aspects of writing. Personal opinions and experiences relate to the writer's perspective but do not define the audience. The subject matter involves what is being discussed but does not clarify who the audience is. Different writing styles pertain to the author's approach but again do not specify the target readership. Understanding the audience is a foundational element of effective writing, serving as a guide for how to convey ideas compellingly and appropriately.