What term describes the action of passing judgment on a client's thoughts or actions?

The action of passing judgment on a client's thoughts or actions is best described by the term "disapproving." Disapproving involves evaluating and forming an unfavorable opinion regarding someone's behavior or beliefs. This term suggests a critical stance where the evaluator does not support or agree with what is being judged. In contexts such as counseling or therapy, disapproval can indicate a negative assessment, which may impact the relationship between the client and the professional.

The other options do not accurately capture this concept. Approval indicates a positive judgment or endorsement of a client's thoughts or actions, while encouragement focuses on positively reinforcing a client's behavior. Understanding involves an empathic and non-judgmental approach, which contrasts with passing judgment. Thus, "disapproving" is the most fitting term to describe the act of making a negative judgment about a client.