Which developmental stage is associated with individuals aged 13 to 18 years?

The correct answer is associated with adolescence, a developmental stage that typically encompasses individuals aged 13 to 18 years. During this period, adolescents experience significant physical, emotional, and social changes. They begin to form their identities, seek independence, and develop deeper peer relationships. This stage is crucial for the development of critical thinking and the exploration of personal values and beliefs, which sets the foundation for adulthood.

The other choices refer to different stages in human development. Childhood occurs prior to adolescence and involves early learning and growth. Adulthood follows adolescence and is characterized by more stable relationships and established identities. Pre-adolescence, or the phase just before adolescence, includes younger individuals who are still largely in the childhood stage and have not yet entered the key developmental changes associated with adolescence.